Types of plant propagation pdf

Stems of the mother plant are covered in a growing medium in various ways to exclude light, increase the moisture level, and stimulate root. Propagating plants is a rewarding and fascinating process to obtain new plants. Pdf propagation methods of selected horticultural crops by. A portion of a stem, root or leaf is cut from the parent plant and is placed under certain favourable environmental conditions to form roots and shoots. For various reasons see below, some plants are multiplied by combining vegetative plant parts stem or vegetative buds from two separate plants into one. A stem cutting produces new roots, and a root cutting. While there are many types of plant propagation techniques, there are two categories into which they generally fall. Propagation by stem cuttings is the most commonly used method to propagate many woody ornamental plants. If the conditions are suitable, the plant piece will begin to grow as a new plant independent of the parent, a process known as striking. Propagation of horticultural plants what is plant propagation. The four main types of stem cuttings are herbaceous, softwood, semihardwood, and hardwood. Plant propagation by stem cuttings nc state extension. Stem cuttings of many favorite shrubs are quite easy to root. Carrot diseases and pests, description, uses, propagation.

Cuttings involve rooting a severed piece of the parent plant. American horticulture society plant propagation alan toogood, editorinchief making more plants. This method of vegetative propagation is generally successful, because water stress is minimized and carbohydrate and mineral nutrient levels are high. Coffee diseases and pests, description, uses, propagation. Care should be taken that only productive and healthy plant material is used to propagate. Grafting and budding are used as methods of choice to 1 propagate plants when. In the late growing season and at beginning of the dormant stage, we can divide the plant for several new specimens according to the number of rooted stems. Asexual propagation involves the vegetative parts to create a new plant using one parent. Agara polysaccharide powder derived from algae used to gel a medium. Many plants that reproduce asexually are also capable of sexual propagation. The world standard for plant propagation and horticulture for over 50 years, hartmann and kesters plant propagation continues to be the fields most complete, uptodate text on plant propagation. Fruit and nut trees are usually propagated by vegetative means using grafting methods. Agar is generally used at a concentration of 612 gliter.

Plant propagation is as much an art as it is a science. The foliage of the plant can reach a height of 150 cm 59. These terms reflect the growth stage of the stock plant, which is. However, seeds obtained through crossing two selected. A cutting is a vegetative plant part severed from the parent plant that ultimately will form a whole new plant. Plant tissue culture terminology adventitiousdeveloping from unusual points of origin, such as shoot or root tissues, from callus or embryos, from sources other than zygotes. Other articles where seed propagation is discussed. This development occurs through the fragmentation and regeneration of specialized vegetative plant parts. Vegetative propagation is a type of asexual reproduction in which new plants are produced from roots, stems, leaves and buds. Principles of plant propagation, methods of propagation. One structure is designed for temperature and light control where seeds are germinated, cuttings rooted, or tissue cultured plants develop roots and leaves. Sexual propagation with crops that produce seed freely and come true closely enough for the purposes in view, growing from seed usually is the cheapest and most satisfactory method of plant propagation. Layering is a form of vegetative propagation where cuttings are made to form adventitious roots while the cutting is still attached to the mother plant.

Greenhouses and quonset frames are used for this purpose. Propagation handbook geoff bryant american horticulture society plant propagation alan toogood, editorinchief making more plants ken druse virginia tech university of maine cooperative extension. Thus a new independent plant is produced which in most cases identical with the parent plant. Propagation, in horticulture, the reproduction of plants by any number of natural or artificial means. Peace vegetative propagation techniques page 6 fruit plant and tree propagation categories the methods to propagate asexually fruit plants are classified in two main and six sub categories. From the meristems, specialized permanent tissues are formed. The technique has been applied to a substantial number of commercial vegetatively propagated plant species. Grafting and budding are techniques used to combine one plant part with another to encourage growth as a uni. There are different types of plant tissue culture techniques, mainly based on the explant used fig. Typically, stem cuttings of tree species are more difficult to root.

Types of growing medium light, fine and clean well drained. Forage plant identification what to look for in iding plants. Types of vegetative propagation vegetative propagation by roots. Seed propagation is not practised in litchi as plants raised by this method fail to bear true to type fruits. Take cuttings with a sharp knife or razor blade to reduce injury to the parent plant. The major methods of asexual propagation are cuttings, layering, division, and buddinggrafting. This powerpoint explains the different types of plant propagation, and ways that it is used. Asexual propagation is used to maintain selections of known identity and quality and includes such techniques as division, airlayering, grafting and. A plant breeder may use tissue culture to screen cells rather than plants for advantageous characters, e. Plant propagation is the process of creating new plants. Bernd maier is the extension viticulture specialist at new mexico state. Plant propagation techniques for the florida gardener1 edis.

Propagation by cuttings types of herbaceous cuttings leaf leafbud cane stem root. Although propagation of plants via methods other than grafting and budding are much simpler, grafting and budding are used as the principal methods of propagation in certain plants such as fruit trees. Rooting o stock division o propagation by suckers o propagation by runners o layering o propagation by cuttings plant union o propagation by graftage. This involves the culture of differentiated tissue from explant which dedifferentiates in vitro to form callus. A plant cutting is a piece of a plant that is used in horticulture for vegetative asexual propagation. Saurabh bhatia, kiran sharma, in modern applications of plant biotechnology in pharmaceutical sciences, 2015. In this process, new plants grow out of the modified roots called tubers.

With crops that produce seed freely and come true closely enough for the purposes in view, growing from seed usually is the cheapest and most satisfactory method of plant propagation. Everyone is familiar with propagating plants by saving seeds and most people know about taking cuttings and rooting them to create new plants. Vegetative propagation or vegetative reproduction is the growth and development of a plant by asexual means. Principles of plant propagation, methods of propagation for horticultural crops objectives after studying this chapter, students will be able to. Or soak seeds in very hot water, but not boiling for several minutes. The carrot plant can be annual or biennial and may also be referred to as wild carrot. Types of plant propagation in order to obtain true to the type plants, the asexual method of propagation is employed for various horticultural plants. A piece of the stem or root of the source plant is placed in a suitable medium such as moist soil. However, cuttings from trees such as crape myrtles, some elms, and birches can be rooted. Plant propagation structures structures that are used for propagating plants by seed, cuttings, and grafting. This method of vegetative propagation promotes a high success rate because it prevents the water stress and carbohydrate shortage that plague cuttings. Also propagation by separation is common type in horticultural plant propagation method. Propagation can be an excellent choice for grape growers to produce new plants. Plant characteristics growth habit morphology vegetative characteristics reproductive characteristics seedhead inflorescence flower type and color pods site adaptation.

Plant propagation cuttings many types of plants, both woody and herbaceous, are propagated by cuttings. Grafting is a form of plant propagation that consists of joining two separate plant parts together to create a new plant. Plants propagated by asexual propagation are truetotype genetically. Micropropagation is the rapid vegetative propagation of plants under in vitro conditions of high light intensity, controlled temperature, and a defined nutrient medium. A less familiar way to clone your favorite plants is propagation by layering. This tissue has undifferentiated cells which divide paving way for the growth of the plant.

Layering can produce larger plants than other types of cutting propagation and can be used to reproduce plants when other types of cutting propagation may. Bryophyllum sprout leaf plant has buds in the margins of leaves. Coffee is the name give to several species of plant in the genus coffea family rubiaceae, including c. Hartmann kester s plant propagation book pdf download.

Growing plants in vitro in a controlled environment, with indepth knowledge of the. Sexual propagation involves the use of floral parts to create a new plant from two parents. Since reproduction is through the vegetative parts of the plant, it is known as vegetative propagation. Locally adapted cultivar strains and difficulttosource cultivars can be increased in this manner. Sexual propagation involves starting plants from seed, while asexual propagation involves. Plant propagation can also refer to the manmade or natural dispersal of seeds. Carefully plant the new seedling, taking care not to damage the roots, and cover with soil just above the moss ball. By top working using budding and grafting, old and economically low. Micropropagation is the rapid vegetative propagation of plants under in vitro conditions of high light intensity, controlled temperature and a defined nutrient medium. Select the appropriate method and timing then follow some basic principles to ensure success. Leaf bud cutting semiripe stems with a leaf and an axillary bud.

Peace vegetative propagation techniques page 9 vegetative propagation by rooting stock division this method is used when the plant produces custard of rooted stems. Many types of seeds may be sown in open ground and, barring extreme. Sorensen, university of new hampshire cooperative extension, and kate garland, university of maine cooperative extension. The plant produces small 2 mm flowers which are white, red or purple in color. The development of roots on a stem while the stem is still attached to the parent plant is called layering. Different methods of asexual propagation like the use of apomictic seedling, cutting, layering, budding and grafting are used for propagation of various species and varieties of fruit. Plant propagation is used to produce new plants from a desired parent plant. Planting the branch dig a pit a metre deep and a metre wide. Micropropagation stages, types, applications, advantages, limitations. Micropropagation stages, types, applications, advantages. Stems that are still attached to their parent plant may form roots where they come in contact with a rooting medium.